Packet Transport Networks Training in Norway

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As TDM transmission networks continue to be replaced by packet based transport solutions, this course seeks to explain the key technologies involved. Initially, the course will explore the concepts of IPv4 and IPv6, before then focusing on the operation of MPLS (including its key capabilities and features). Carrier Ethernet is also considered, exploring its standardized services and transport options. Finally, real life use cases for PTN are examined, in conjunction with a consideration of the new challenges that packet networks bring.

Section 1 - IPv4

Topic areas covered include:

Protocol Stacks:

OSI 7 Layer Model, TCP/IP Model.
Encapsulation and Decapsulation.

IPv4 Header Composition:

Key fields and associated functionality.

IP Addressing:

IPv4 address space administration.
IPv4 address composition.

Dotted Decimal notation.

CIDR.
Subnetting.
Private Addressing.
IP Multicasting.

IPv4 Associated Protocols:

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).
DNS (Domain Name System).
NAT (Network Address Translation).

Section 3 - Multi Protocol Label Switching

Topic areas covered include:

Multi Protocol Label Switching.
MPLS Architecture:

Edge Routers and Core Routers (LER and LSR).

MPLS Key Concepts:

MPLS Protocol Stack.
Label Format.

Label, Traffic Class, Bottom of Stack, TTL.

Label Stacking.
FEC and Label Binding.

Label Distribution and Binding.

LDP, RSVP-TE, BGP4.

MPLS Concept of Operation:

Packet Forwarding Process.

ILM, FTN, NHLFE.
Push, Pop and Swap operations.

Derivatives of MPLS:

G-MPLS (Generalized MPLS).
MPLS-TP (MPLS Transport Profile).

MPLS Features:

Traffic Engineering.

RSVP-TE, CBR.

Rapid Circuit Restoration.

One to One and Facility FRR (Fast Reroute).

Virtual Private Networks.

Support for Layer 1, 2 and 3 VPNs.

Section 4 - Carrier Ethernet

Topic areas covered include:

Ethernet Basics:

802.3 Frame Format.
Ethernet Switching.
802.1Q VLANs and 802.1p.
Ethernet Timeline.

Carrier Ethernet Key Attributes:

E-Line, E-LAN, E-Tree and E-Access services.
Carrier Ethernet Use Case – Mobile Backhaul.

Carrier Ethernet Architecture.
Carrier Ethernet Transport Technologies.
Ethernet Based Transport Mechanisms:

Provider Bridges (Q-in-Q or 802.1ad).
Provider Backbone Bridging (802.1ah).
Provider Backbone Bridging - Traffic Engineering (802.1ay).
Mapping Ethernet Transport to CE Services.

MPLS Based Transport Mechanisms:

Basic MPLS.
MPLS Pseudowires.
MPLS VPLS.
MPLS Transport Profile.
Mapping MPLS Transport to CE Services.

Optical Based Transport Mechanisms:

Optical Transport Network (IPoDWDM).
Next Generation SDH.
Mapping Optical Transport to CE Services.

Section 5 - IP QoS

Topic areas covered include:

QoS and QoE:

Factors Influencing QoS.
Factors Influencing QoE.
Internet versus Private IP Networks.
IP Transport Network QoS Solutions.

Focus on Differentiated Services:

Per Hop Behaviours.

EF, BE and AF.

Packet Conditioning.
DSCP Example Usage.

Additional QoS Mechanisms:

Intserv and RSVP.
Bandwidth Solution.
DiffServ in MPLS Networks.
Diffserv in Ethernet Networks.

Section 6 - IP Security

Topic areas covered include:

The Threat Climate:

Protecting the Network.

Exploring the Threats to Security:

The Global Cybercrime Industry.
Malicious Software.
Botnets.
Denial of Service.
Physical Insecurity.

Protecting Network Traffic– IPSec:

IPSec Basics.
IPSec Modes of Operation.
Summary of Operation.
Focus on IPSec Encapsulating Security Payload.
Internet Key Exchange version 2.

Public Key Infrastructure (X.509).
Protecting Network Traffic – TLS:

TLS Operation.
TLS Handshake.

Security Implementation and Management:

Security Strategy.
Defence in Depth.
Disaster Recovery.

Section 7 - Timing and Synchronization

Topic areas covered include:

Timing and Synchronization Basics:

Timing and Synchronization in Telecommunications.
Timing and Synchronisation in Packet Switched Networks.
Hybrid Timing System.
Network Time Protocol.
Global Positioning System.

SyncE (Synchronous Ethernet).
IEEE 1588v2 - Precision Time Protocol.

Section 8 - IP Based Services

Topic areas covered include:

VoIP Basics:

Carrier Grade VoIP.
VoIP Protocols.

Soft Switching Concepts:

IP Soft Switch Components.
Positioning Soft Switches.
Focus on Sigtran.

Session Border Controllers:

SBC Capabilities.
SBC Architecture.
SBC Operation Examples.

IP Packet Exchange (IPX):

IPX Architecture.
IPX Connectivity Options.

VoIP Signalling Considerations:

SIP-I.

GCP/H.248:

Overview.
Contexts and Terminations.
Transactions, Commands and Descriptors.

Real time Transport Protocol:

RTP Header.
RTP Payload Formats.
RTP Control Protocol.

Example VoIP Procedure (SIP Bridging).

Packet Transport Networks Training Course in Norway

The Nordic country Norway, is in Northern Europe. Known for its stunning natural beauty, including fjords, mountains, and forests, Norway is also famous for its high standard of living and strong social welfare system. Norway's capital and largest city is Oslo. Tromsø, Bergen, Trondheim and Stavanger are the other tourist attracting cities of Norway.

Norway is a constitutional monarchy with King Harald V as the head of state. The country has a population of 5,425,270 as of January 2022. Norway is a relatively small country and has a relatively low population density, with much of its land area covered by forests, mountains, and fjords. Despite its small size, Norway is known for its rich cultural heritage, strong economy, and stunning natural beauty, which attracts millions of visitors every year. This Nordic country is also known for its winter sports, such as skiing and snowboarding, and is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

Norway has a long history of invention and is home to numerous more top-tier tech firms and research facilities, such as; Kongsberg Gruppen, Telenor, Atea, Evry and Gjensidige Forsikring.

Due to the country's high latitude, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. From late May to late July, the sun never completely descends beneath the horizon. Which attracts many tourists around the world to see the "Land of the Midnight Sun". Tourists mainly visit Sognefjord, Norway's Largest Fjord, Pulpit Rock, one of the most photographed sites in Norway and of course the capital; Oslo.

Oslo is considered the business center of Norway. It is the country's largest city and the capital of Norway. The city is home to many of Norway's largest and most important companies, as well as several international organizations and research institutions. Additionally, the city is a popular tourist destination, known for its scenic location on the Oslo Fjord, its many museums and cultural attractions, and its vibrant nightlife and dining scene. Some of the most popular museums in Oslo are The Norwegian Museum of Cultural History, The Nobel Peace Center, The National Museum of Art, Architecture, and Design, The Munch Museum and The Vigeland Museum.

Packet Transport Networks Training in Norway

Outline

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